Every top level record type also has a “Main Picture” that can be set. For projects, this ‘Project Picture’ is used as part of the Project Portfolio. The Picture drop down is located in the Main Toolbar of each record type. To set this picture, click the picture drop down and then on the browse button in the resulting pop-out window to browse your files & Apply.
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You can also just copy an image (right click + copy) and paste an image directly by using the "Paste Image" icon in the top right corner.
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See the View Portfolio section for additional information on how to setup Project Portfolios.